Unveiling the Top 5 Surprising Views on Blockchain by AFF leaders

The Asian Financial Forum (AFF) will be hosted at the Hong Kong Exhibition and Convention Centre over two days beginning on 13th of January. The AFF brings together some of the most influential leaders of the global financial and business community to discuss developments and trends in the dynamic markets of Asia.

Blockchain, cryptocurrencies, fintech and virtual assets will be at the centre of many of the discussions and we have selected a few of the speakers that we are most intrigued by and some that our readers may not realize are important or outspoken in the blockchain and crypto space. We have purposely excluded the usual suspects—if you don’t know what PWC’s Henri Arslanian thinks about crypto by now, we really can’t help you.

Below is snapshot of five speakers we are intrigued to hear from and what we understand about their thoughts so far on the new forms of money and finance.

1. Dr Janet L. Yellen

Dr. Janet L. Yellen was the chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from February 2014, serving a full four-year term, to February 3, 2018.

Yellen is a well-publicized crypto skeptic and made headlines on Oct. 29th, 2018 at the Canada FinTech Forum, when she voiced strong concerns regarding Bitcoin and central bank-issued cryptocurrencies.

“I will just say outright I am not a fan, and let me tell you why,” Yellen said. “I know there are hundreds of cryptocurrencies and maybe something is coming down the line that is more appealing but I think first of all, very few transactions are actually handled by bitcoin, and many of those do take place on bitcoin are illegal, illicit transactions.”

Regarding central bank digital currencies, Yellen took aim at other perceived issues. For one thing, central bank-issued cryptocurrencies “could have negative impacts on financial stability,” she said. Yellen further cited that digital cash is effectively untraceable and could lead to further terrorist financing, money laundering and would also make people targets for cyber-attacks.

Yellen will make two appearances at the AFF, the first will be to give a keynote speech on independent monetary policy free from government interference, of which she is an advocate. Her second appearance will be at the end of the first day where she will be engaged in an individual dialogue.

2. Prof Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee

Professor Banerjee is a Ford Foundation Professor of Economics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the recipient of the 2019 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, awarded jointly with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer “for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty.” 

Banerjee will speak at the keynote luncheon on the 14th of January at AFF on the topic of financial inclusion. Financial inclusion is a common developmental theme for developing countries, such as India, which houses more than 90% of the world’s unbanked population.

Those in the crypto space know that cryptocurrency adoption is high in unbanked majority countries as it provides a cheap and fast from of remittance and comparatively low fees to any Swift or Western Union transfer.

While Banerjee has not been outspoken in the blockchain and crypto space, he and his team are known for approaching subjects with a measure of practicality and we are certain his speech will need to address the technology which is currently offering a practical measure for financial inclusion to the unbanked. 

3. Dr Geraldine Buckingham

Dr. Geraldine Buckingham is BlackRock’s Chair and Head of Asia Pacific and a member of the firm’s Global Executive Committee.

She previously served as BlackRock’s Global Head of Corporate Strategy and was the youngest executive reporting directly to CEO Larry Fink, Buckingham was tasked with long-term strategic thinking at the world’s largest asset manager.

During her career with Blackrock, Buckingham became quite well known for helping lead the firm — and its $5.7 trillion under management — to double down on algorithms and robot traders making investment decisions over human stock pickers. Beyond tracking tech trends, the former emergency room surgeon also keeps a finger on the pulse of politics and regulatory changes.  She was named to Fortune Magazine and Crain’s New York Business’ “40 Under 40” lists for 2017.

Set to appear on a Panel discussion on Asset and Wealth Management in Asia, we are intrigued to hear her thoughts on the complex environment asset managers are faced with due to the rapid wealth accumulation and unprecedented growth of asset and wealth management in Asia and specifically China. Will her proposals for better risk-adjusted returns lean heavily to toward technological applications? History would indicate as much and an article published by Cointelegraph on July 19th 2019 quotes Larry Fink as suggesting that the world needs “technology” to reduce interchange and transaction fees not a new currency such as “Libra”.

4. Mr Jin Liqun

Mr Jin Liqun is the President and Chairman of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).

Liqun has had a very distinguished career to date. He was formerly the Chairman of China International Capital Corporation, the Vice President of the Asian Development Bank and the Vice Minister of Finance of the People’s Republic of China.

While Liqun has not been exceptionally outspoken in the blockchain field, he is obviously a key figure in the financial services sector faced with the increasing challenges of the global macro-environment. Countries across the world are seeking innovative ways to achieve breakthroughs for financial growth and inclusion.

As the AIIB will play a key role in China’s Belt and Road Initiative which will reinvigorate the old silk road and create enhanced trade and financial services across Eurasia and Africa. Liqun should be the man to look out for on supporting inclusive growth, particularly with the successive advancement of Fintech. In a recent AIIB report entitled Infrastructure 3.0—how new technologies will facilitate intra-Asian trade and integration, the organization outlines distributed ledger technology (DLT) as an enabling technology. The report further stipulates that it is not “whether” these innovations will find their way into regional supply chains, but “when” and how quickly.

5. Mr Sergey Shvetsov

Sergey Shvetsov is the First Deputy Governor of the Bank of Russia. In 2017 Russia decided to outlaw Bitcoin exchange websites. At the centre of the announcements was Sergei Shvetsov.

This announcement had a severe effect on the Bitcoin price that was rallying towards $5,000. In a flash crash, Bitcoin’s value dropped by $600 before rebounding somewhat. Shvetsov was quoted at a conference in Moscow saying, “We can not stand apart. We can not give direct and easy access to such dubious instruments for retail (investors),”

Shvetsov will appear on a panel discussion on the first day off AFF and will discuss the need for financial institutions to explore innovative ways to remain profitable and competitive. As this discussion will include making use of emerging technologies and considering alternative markets—we are certain the subject of cryptocurrency and stablecoins will be broached and given Russia’s continued apprehension towards Bitcoin, we will be front row to hear how his opinions have developed.See you at the Asian Financial Forum—for more information please visit the official website.

Nobel Prize Winning Economist Abhijit Banerjee: Is Blockchain the Key to Financial Inclusion?

We went along to the Asian Financial Forum (AFF) on Day Two to hear what Nobel Prize-Winning Economist Prof. Abhijit Banerjee would say in his keynote speech on financial inclusion. Insightful as it was, it mainly covered his application of randomized control trialing in inclusive finance and the insights he and his colleagues had gained from the trials.

Banerjee—who won the esteemed prize along with fellow economist and spouse Esther Duflo and Harvard Academic, Michael Kremer—held a small group press event so we decided to ask him directly for his thoughts on blockchain and decentralized finance (DeFi) in creating financial inclusion.  

FinTech in Financial Inclusion

Financial inclusion refers to making financial products and services accessible and practical for everyone regardless of the individual or businesses net worth or company size. According to the United Nations, financial inclusion is positioned prominently as an enabler of other development goals for its 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Many articles and research papers have been written on the potential for financial technologies (FinTech) to create greater inclusive finance. Advancements in digital transactions and peer-to-peer based lending have become particularly important for developing countries where many do not have access to tradition bank financing.

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) technology is a huge part of FinTech as it incorporates emerging technologies with the purpose of improving services to clients and enhancing the overall financial industry. DeFi is basically a set of smart contracts, protocols, decentralized applications (dApps) executed on a blockchain with the objective of providing lending and trading alternatives away from the centralized banking system, with its archaic legacy processes and high fees.

A quick look at the DeFi network website, and you will see the second mission of the community is in pursuit of financial inclusion and the provision of solutions to actively empower individuals by building products to better engage with decentralized systems.

Banerjee’s Thoughts on FinTech in Financial Inclusion

As we are aware, Banerjee is no expert in blockchain or FinTech services. Instead, his award-winning research was focused around the application of RCT into the field of Economics and focused on creating practical pathways to financial inclusion.

Keen to hear his thoughts, we focused our question around another Nobel Laureate’s work—1974 Nobel Memorial Prize winner Fredrich Hayek. In his book titled, “Denationalization of Money: The Argument Refined”, Hayek advocated for the establishment of competitively issued private moneys, arguing that private businesses should be allowed to issue their own forms of money, deciding how to do so on their own. Fast forward to today, and giants of industry such as Facebook are trying to put this theory into practice with their own Libra coin.

As time was limited we asked Banerjee two questions: 1) Do you believe the advent of blockchain can help achieve Hayek’s proposed denationalization of money? 2) What are your thoughts on DeFi and the potential long-term role of projects such as Facebook’s Libra in facilitating financial inclusions?

Banerjee was quick to respond at the podium, “I have no particular sympathy for most of Hayek’s views including this one. I would say the banks have actually done a pretty good job of regulating money supply and at this point, I would say inflation rates are too low rather than too high. Most economies are suffering because the negative inflation rates are connected to that.” 

On Facebook’s Libra, Banerjee continued, “I don’t see a reason why we want to have extremely tight controls on money supply and I don’t think it would do anything particularly good for finance. I think that Facebook is trying to sell a story, which either I don’t see or, perhaps, I don’t understand the story but my guess is that there’s nothing much to that story.” He clarified his views saying, “I think the first challenge is not short-term finance, which I think Facebook could facilitate, but the long-term finance that lots of potential entrepreneurs in the developing world don’t have—and the reason why they don’t have long-term finance has very little to do with the control of currency by the private sector or the public sector. So I don’t really buy into any part of this story.”

Banerjee double-down and expressed, “I think the constraints are not that. I mean, I think we’ve written a lot about what the constraints are (on inclusive finance). I don’t think that the enforcement of loan contracts is going to be improved because of blockchain. I just think this is somebody in California thinking thoughts about developing countries.”

NFTs of Nobel Prize-winning inventions to be auctioned by UC Berkeley

UC Berkeley will auction data for immunotherapy and gene editing from the Nobel Prize winners to non-fungible tokens (NFT) next week. The revenue it raises will help the future research for the University.

Bloomberg reported that the auction would take place next week on Jun 2 at an Ethereum-based NFT auction platform, citing the University’s statement released on Thursday. One of the auctions regards data by the scientist James Alison’s cancer immunotherapy invention, who submitted his masterpiece in 1995 and was awarded the 2018 Nobel in Physiology or Medicine. More than 15 types of cancer, including those of the skin, lung, kidney and bladder, are treated with immunotherapies nowadays based on Allison’s subsequent research and technique. Another auction will be held later for the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing work by Professor Jennifer Doudna, a Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, in 2020.

“Why not use a revolutionary new mechanism for memorializing these breakthrough discoveries and industry-defining inventions?” said Randy Katz, UC Berkeley vice-chancellor for research.

Rich Lyons, UC Berkeley’s chief innovation & entrepreneurship officer, also said the “NFT plays the key role in all scientific breakthroughs for basic university research”.

UC Berkeley said 85% of the auction price would contribute to research funding and education-related, including the energy cost offset by the mining process of the NFT, while the rest of 15% will go to the auction platform. The college will also get 10% from any subsequent sale of the NFT, and the foundation will receive 5%. The proceeds of the auction in ETH will fund research for the University, including a hub of Blockchain facility on the campus.  

NFT refers to a digital collectable and blockchain token verifiable provenance of the object. These cutting-edge techniques are unique identifiers of digital data that effectively act as certificates of authenticity for their owners, which can be presented as a form of digital items that are traded on the blockchain.

In April, US Filmmaker Kevin Smith planned to sell his new Horror movie as NFT.

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